English Collaborative Community

Effective Communication Understanding the elements of communication is essential in order to communicate more effectively in English. As a matter of fact, communication includes 5 basic elements: the sender, the receiver, the message, the medium and feedback. Moreover, effective communication involves developing our communicative competence. What exactly is communicative competence? In "Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing" (Applied Linguistics, 1980), Michael Canale and Merrill Swain identified these four components of communicative competence : Grammatical competence includes knowledge of phonology, orthography, vocabulary, word formation and sentence formation. Sociolinguistic competence includes knowledge of sociocultural rules of use.  Discourse competence is related to the learners' mastery of understanding and producing texts (cohesion and coherence) Strategic competence refers to compensatory strategies (repetition,...